Assessment of Global Incidence and Mortality †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Assessment of Global Incidence and Mortality. Answer: Introduction This case study review pertain patient Faouq aged 75 years old having severe sepsis condition coupled with pneumococcal pneumonia. He is under medication, currently being given intravenous with antibiotics drugs. He has symptoms of shortness of breath and difficulty in breathing. Medical assessments have been initiated indicating lower lungs infection presenting severe sepsis. The patient weighs 90 kgs and is an addict of cigarette, smoking 2 packs of cigarettes per day. He has been administered on the intensive care unit for oxygen support and overall care. Severe sepsis is a medical condition where there is occasioned organ dysfunction affecting heart circulatory, cellular and other body functioning. Globally it affects huge sections of the population, with an estimate of about 270 cases per 100,000 persons, with high mortality rates and infections locating in lungs prevalent, (Fleischmann et al, 2016). The emergence of shock is often associated with the inability of the body to function well due to accompanying shock due to infections. Sepsis has high mortality rate and end making it a life threatening disease, (Stevenson et al, 2014). Those at risk for developing the disease are the elderly persons, smokers, people with influenza, respiratory disease patients and those who have generally low immune function. This makes it the patient in the case study to be more at risks for the disease. Predisposing factors for this patient are bronchitis and smoking habit which has deteriorated the status of the lungs. Medical management for sepsis incorporate bacterial and infection control management. Bacterial infections such bronchitis for the patient needs to be managed with anti bacterial pharmacology, while on a viral case, patient is often advised on diet management plans, (Aalen et al, 2014). The objective of nursing goals is to ensure that the patient is alleviating from the worsening effect of the disease. In sepsis care there is need to ensure that the patient is stabilized and mediation is recovered well. Actions geared to this are ensuring that there is smooth oxygen flow to the patient. There is need to assess the patient status and monitor the oxygen state thus supporting and offering oxygen support for the patient is paramount. As a nurse regular assessments of the patient ABGs and the oxygen respiration rate is critical to assess oxygen intake. Analysis of ABGs The importance of ABGs assessment is essential for measuring oxygen status for the patient. Ph is key in assessing the hydrogens present in the body. The ph of the patient is low thus signifying there is low excretion status of carbon dioxide in the lungs, normally the kidneys function by excreting the hydrogens while the lungs excrete CO2, however there is infection in the lungs for the patient hindering normal function thus causing acidosis being illustrated by the low acidic ph, (Bruno Valenti, 2012). Partial pressure assessment is essential in assessing gas molecules in the patient. Oxygen often has normal partial pressure of 21% at the normal 100kPa. For the patient, the value is 55 mmHg, which is higher than the reference values, thus showing there is compromise in molecules quantity in the lungs. Base assessment for the patient are normal, which is indicative of normal ph status, variations of the normal values often signifies alkalosis or acidosis, (Ghosh, 2006). The patient has normal range values for these parameters. Bicarbonate state is essential in measuring g the kidney functionality state. The patient has normal status of bicarbonate having 24 mmol/L indicating normal status, (Sigh, Khatana Gupta, 2013). Lactate state illustrates anaerobic production. Higher levels often indicate failure the tissues respire anaerobic ally. The patient has high lactate levels which is an indicative of lower state perfusion leading to anaerobic respiration, (Kurtz et al, 2008). Patient ABG analysis signifies the function of the lungs, with severe sepsis infection, the functionality of the lungs has been impaired dramatically occasioned with pneumococcal pneumonia state. ABG parameters and assessments have shown that the patient needs high nursing priority care so as to reduce to effects caused by the infection on the lungs. Thus nursing care linked to ABG and oxygen nursing support for the patient is essential in improving recovery process and medication protocol is essential. References Aalen, O. O., Valberg, M., Grotmol, T., Tretli, S. (2014). Understanding variation in disease risk: the elusive concept of frailty. International journal of epidemiology, 44(4), 1408-1421. Bruno, C. M., Valenti, M. (2012). Acid-base disorders in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a pathophysiological review. BioMed Research International, 2012. Fleischmann, C., Scherag, A., Adhikari, N. K., Hartog, C. S., Tsaganos, T., Schlattmann, P., ... Reinhart, K. (2016). Assessment of global incidence and mortality of hospital-treated sepsis. Current estimates and limitations. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 193(3), 259-272. Ghosh AK; Diagnosing acid-base disorders. J Assoc Physicians India. 2006 Sep54:720-4. Kurtz, I., Kraut, J., Ornekian, V., Nguyen, M. K. (2008). Acid-base analysis: a critique of the Stewart and bicarbonate-centered approaches. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology, 294(5), F1009-F1031. Singh, V., Khatana, S., Gupta, P. (2013). Blood gas analysis for bedside diagnosis. National journal of maxillofacial surgery, 4(2), 136-136. Stevenson, E. K., Rubenstein, A. R., Radin, G. T., Wiener, R. S., Walkey, A. J. (2014). Two decades of mortality trends among patients with severe sepsis: a comparative meta-analysis. Critical care medicine, 42(3), 625.